The Genres of Natural Writing “Personal Diary”, “Personal Letter”, “Personal Note”: Invariant and Variant
The article proves the possibility of researching the written speech genre from the perspective of linguistic variant studies and their description by means of the opposition ‘invariant ∼ variants’. The proposed model of speech genre represents this unit as a set of genre formations (variants), which, when examining the invariant properties of the genre, reveal variant features as a result of the modification of these genre realizations. The author demonstrates the heuristic possibilities of the proposed method of description of speech-genre variability on the basis of speech genres of natural written speech. The research makes it possible to create a variantologic model of the speech genres “personal diary”, “personal letter”, “personal note”, which includes variant implementations of the genre invariant located in different zones of the natural writing genre space. Speech products located in the nuclear zone of the genre field (a handwritten diary, letter, note) are characterized by a tetra-unity of their formal organization (form), functional purpose (function), thematic-stylistic embodiment (meaning) and substrate (material carrier of the sign). Those genre implementations that arise as a result of the modification of certain genre properties lean toward the periphery: the addressee (online diary; letter to the editor; a letter in fiction and nonfiction), reference correlation, and a functional-target parameter (genre variants realized in fiction), substrate (online diary, email letter, SMS). The change in the functional-target and formal-semiotic embodiment of the speech product, determined by the modification of the substrate, leads to the appearance of speech realizations, which, while preserving the genre name of the invariant, reveal signs of other genre formations, which has a centrifugal effect on the genre space, taking speech works beyond the boundaries of the genre.
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