New Genres of Internet Communication (based on Demotivators and Memes)
The article attempts to consider new forms of Internet communication in terms of their genre affiliation. The research is focused on memes and demotivators, which are widely spread on social networks, but not always differentiated by users. The authors of the article conducted an online survey in order to find out what users of social networks understand by a meme and a demotivator, for what purpose, in what situation and who they send them to, how they react when they receive them. The answers to these and other questions made it possible to present the genre aspects of memes and demotivators from the point of view of respondents and to identify common and different properties of these genres. The survey involved 105 participants aged 16 to 64. As a result, the following common for the two genres aspects are described: a similar discourse, within which these genres appear and function; the secondary nature of memes and demotivators and their potential for creative transformation users may perform in different discourse situations; coincidence in the characteristics of the addressee of the genres; irrelevance (implicitness) of the author. The main differences are as follows: the difference in the communicative goal of the user; the predominant existence of demotivators within virtual communication, while memes have gone beyond virtual communication; minimal attachment of a demotivator to a discourse situation, while a meme is a reaction to relevant, momentary information; language features of the described genres (creolization of the text and violation of language norms).
- Berezhnoy V. A. Internet meme and anecdote : to the statement of the problem. Vesnik of Zaporizhzhya National University. 2014, no. 1, pp. 135–144 (in Ukrainian).
- Galichkina E. N. Kompyuternaya kommunikatsiya : lingvisticheskiy status, znakovyie sredstva, zhanrovoe prostranstvo [Computer communication : linguistic status, iconic means, genre space]. Volgograd, Paradigma Publ., 2012. 322 p. (in Russian).
- Galichkina E. N. Obschaya harakteristika kompyuterno-oposredovannogo diskursa [General characteristics of computer-mediated discourse]. In: T. N. Kolokoltseva, O. V. Lutovinova eds. Internet-kommunikatsiya kak novaya rechevaya formatsiya [Internet communication as a new voice formation]. Moscow, Flinta Publ., 2012, pp. 53–71 (in Russian).
- Goroshko E. I., Jigalina E. A. Virtual genre studies : well-established and controversial. Uchenyie zapiski Tavricheskogo natsionalnogo universiteta im. V. I. Vernadskogo. Ser. Filologiya. Sotsialnyie kommunikatsii, 2011, vol. 24 (63), no. 1, ch. 1, pp. 105–124 (in Russian).
- Goroshko E. I., Polyakova T. L. Toward a typology of social media genres. Spech Genres, 2015, no. 2(12), pp. 119–127 (in Russian).
- Kirillov A. G. Transformation of the blog genre in instant messaging programs. Spech Genres, 2017, no. 2(16), pp. 260–267 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/ 2311-0740-2017-2-16-260-267
- Kolokoltseva T. N. Dialogue in the genres of Internet communication (chat, forum, blog). Spech Genres, 2016, no. 2 (14), pp. 96–104 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.18500/2311-0740-2016-2-14-96-104
- Mityagina V. A., Sidorova I. G. Personal Internet Discourse Genres. Spech Genres, 2016, no. 2(14), pp. 105– 115 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/2311-07402016-2-14-105-115
- Schipitsina L. Yu. Zhanry kompyuterno-oposredovannoy kommunikatsii [Genres of computer-mediated communication]. Arkhangelsk, Pomor. un-t, 2009. 238 p. (in Russian).
- Schurina Yu. V. Genre originality of the social network Instagram. Spech Genres, 2016, no. 1, pp. 156– 168 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/2311-07402016-1-13-156-168
- Serl Dj. Kosvennyie rechevyie akty [Indirect speech acts]. Novoe v zarubejnoy lingvistike [New in foreign linguistics]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1985, iss. 16, pp. 195–222 (in Russian).
- Shchurina Yu. V. Rechevyye zhanry komicheskogo v sovremennoy massovoy kommunikatsii. [Speech comic genres in modern mass communication]. Chita, ZabGU, 2015. 248 p. (in Russian).
- Sorokin Yu. A., Tarasov E. F. Kreolizovannyie teksty i ih kommunikativnaya funktsiya [Creolized texts and their communicative function]. In: Optimizatsiya rechevogo vozdeystviya [Speech Optimization]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1990, pp. 180–181 (in Russian).
- Steksova T. I. Pragmatichnskiy potentsial kosvennyih vyskazyvaniy i ego realizatsiya [The pragmatic potential of indirect statements and its implementation]. In: Semanticheskiy i pragmaticheskiy aspektyi vyiskazyivaniy : mejvuz. sb. nauch. tr. [Semantic and pragmatic aspects of statements]. Novosibirsk, Novosib. gos. ped. un-t, 1991, pp. 149–158 (in Russian).
- Viktorova E. Yu. Linguistic-creative potential of Internet communication (based on the genre of social networks). Spech Genres, 2018, no. 4 (20), pp. 294–303 (in Russian).
- Vinokur T. G. Govoryaschiy i slushayuschiy. Variantyi rechevogo povedeniya. [Talking and listening. Speech Options]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1993, 172 p. (in Russian).
